What is Income Tax?
The US Income Tax Calculator estimates your federal income tax liability based on the 2025 IRS tax brackets. The United States uses a progressive tax system with seven federal tax brackets ranging from 10% to 37%.
Your tax liability depends on three main factors: your gross income, filing status (Single, Married Filing Jointly, Head of Household), and deductions (standard or itemized). Most Americans take the standard deduction: $15,700 for Single filers and $31,400 for Married Filing Jointly in 2025.
Important: This calculator computes federal income tax only. You may also owe state income tax (varies from 0% in states like Texas, Florida, and Nevada to 13.3% in California), Social Security tax (6.2% on income up to $176,100), and Medicare tax (1.45% on all income, plus 0.9% additional Medicare tax on income over $200,000).
Filing deadlines: Individual tax returns (Form 1040) are due April 15, 2026 for Tax Year 2025. You can request an automatic 6-month extension using Form 4868, but this extends the filing deadline only — not the payment deadline.
For retirement planning, try our 401k Calculator. For home buyers, check our US Mortgage Calculator.
Formula
Federal income tax uses progressive brackets (2025, Single):
- $0 – $11,925: 10% - $11,926 – $48,475: 12% - $48,476 – $103,350: 22% - $103,351 – $197,300: 24% - $197,301 – $250,525: 32% - $250,526 – $626,350: 35% - Over $626,350: 37%
Worked Example — $75,000 income (Single): Step 1: Standard deduction: $75,000 − $15,700 = $59,300 taxable Step 2: Tax on first $11,925 = $1,192.50 (10%) Step 3: Tax on next $36,550 = $4,386.00 (12%) Step 4: Tax on remaining $10,825 = $2,381.50 (22%) Step 5: Total federal tax = $7,960 Effective rate = 10.6%
Tax at common income levels (Single, 2025): - $50,000 → $4,288 (8.6%) - $75,000 → $7,960 (10.6%) - $100,000 → $13,458 (13.5%) - $150,000 → $25,668 (17.1%) - $200,000 → $38,168 (19.1%)
How to use this US Income Tax Calculator?
1. Enter your Annual Gross Income from all sources (W-2 wages, 1099 income, investments).
2. Select Filing Status: 1 for Single, 2 for Married Filing Jointly. MFJ has wider brackets and higher standard deduction.
3. Additional Deductions: Enter itemized deductions above the standard deduction if applicable (mortgage interest, state/local taxes up to $10,000 SALT cap, charitable contributions).
4. Read Results: See your taxable income, federal tax, effective tax rate, and after-tax income.
Note: This shows federal tax only. Add ~7.65% for Social Security + Medicare (FICA), plus your state income tax rate for total tax burden.